They were aggrieved because the Revolution had failed to meet their needs. Such slogans were not necessarily approved by the central authorities, but have been daubed on walls by zealous local officials for decades. People’s Daily, 1967, “To promote proletariat educational revolution, we must rely on the school’s revolutionary students, revolutionary teachers and workers. Video, Inside the world's richest e-sports player's mansion, 'Violent gust of wind' caused Grand Canyon crash, Nazi camp no place for sledging, authorities warn, Biden starts with brand new Potus Twitter account, NYC bendy bus left drooping from overpass, Uganda president in early lead as rival cries foul, Biden unveils $1.9tn US economic relief package. It is unfixable. He does not talk much.” Lin Biao, 1966, “The representatives of the capitalist class who have infiltrated our party, our government, our armed forces and various cultural groups are actually a batch of counter-revolutionary revisionists… They are Khrushchev types and they are sleeping right next to us. Download preview. Jiang Qing died in 1991; she had apparently killed herself. As far as unmistakable counter-revolutionaries and saboteurs of the socialist cause are concerned, the matter is easy, we simply deprive them of their freedom of speech," he .css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link{color:#3F3F42;}.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited{color:#696969;}.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited{font-weight:700;border-bottom:1px solid #BABABA;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link:hover,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited:hover,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link:focus,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited:focus{border-bottom-color:currentcolor;border-bottom-width:2px;color:#B80000;}@supports (text-underline-offset:0.25em){.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited{border-bottom:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline #BABABA;text-decoration:underline #BABABA;-webkit-text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-decoration-thickness:1px;-webkit-text-decoration-skip-ink:none;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;text-underline-offset:0.25em;}.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link:hover,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited:hover,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link:focus,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited:focus{-webkit-text-decoration-color:currentcolor;text-decoration-color:currentcolor;-webkit-text-decoration-thickness:2px;text-decoration-thickness:2px;color:#B80000;}}said in a speech. The Red Guards w… The Cultural Revolution. The overall motto for Deng's programme became "reform and opening up". I came to America for liberty, not equality. It has been widely used and should be used indefinitely.” You cannot stop us!” An unnamed Red Guard, 1966 “Father is dear, Mother is dear. The jury is still out on Chinese dream. Chinese Communist Party history text, 1981, “Some think that… inciting the people [during the Cultural Revolution] is democracy. A Ming dynasty village outside Beijing, revolutionary propaganda from the 60s on the ancient wall of a courtyard house . In the pre-digital age, they appeared throughout China in brightly coloured propaganda posters, revolutionary songs, radio broadcasts, loudspeakers, newspapers, journals, comic books, handwritten big-character posters and more. La grande révolution culturelle prolétarienne (en chinois : 无产阶级文化大革命, pinyin : wúchǎn jiējí wénhuà dàgémìng), plus couramment la grande révolution culturelle (文化大革命 wénhuà dàgémìng), ou simplement la révolution culturelle (文革 wéngé), représente l'un des événements marquants de l'histoire de la République populaire de Chine, dont le retentissement international est considérable. Cultural Revolution. It contains 183,984 words in 268 pages. In the case of the People's Republic of China, which exists today as a Communist state, the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolutio… But these vintage posters, issued during the Cultural Revolution, show a time in China's past when the state saw the movement … .css-1xgx53b-Link{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-weight:700;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:#FFFFFF;}.css-1xgx53b-Link:hover,.css-1xgx53b-Link:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}Read about our approach to external linking. They had more learning – but we had more truth.” But unlike some of Mao's classically inspired phrases, there appears to be little deeper resonance. In fact, inciting the people is to start civil war. The symbols and slogans of the Cultural Revolution are certainly striking and memorable – they were designed to be so! This site was last updated on August 19th 2020. © 2021 BBC. Mr Wang set about making sure the courts obeyed the three supremes doctrine. Abortion! These quotations have been selected and compiled by Alpha History authors. Big character poster, 1978, “Your action indicates that you are expressing hatred and denunciation of landowners, the bourgeoisie, imperialism, revisionists and their running dogs who exploit workers, peasants, revolutionary intellectuals and parties. CHAIRMAN MAO Vintage 1960’s Chinese Revolution Propaganda Poster with slogan “Chairman Mao is the Red Sun in Our Hearts”, 68.9 People's Republic of China, 1968, lithograph. Mao Zedong, 1958, “A big character poster is an extremely useful new weapon. "Seek truth from facts" is a good example. These kinds of phrases are often represented by four characters in Chinese and have been deployed by leaders for more than 2,000 years. In Huang's view, rhetoric played a central role in rallying both the Party leadership and people at large during the Cultural Revolution. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for 2 Chinese glazed ceramic tea cups with Cultural Revolution slogan/pic 文革 at the best online prices at eBay! But Chairman Mao is dearest of all.” Junior school oath, circa 1967 When the Cultural Revolution reached my school in 1966 I was 14. They include pro-revolution messages about “working hard”, “uniting for victory” and “working towards the general communist goal”, Inglesby says. The slogan says "Long live the triumph of Chairman Mao's revolutionary line of literature and art!" Power to the Imagination. Mao declared the end of the Cultural Revolution in 1969, but the mix of party purge/civil war/paranoid extravaganza only ended on Mao’s death in 1976. “Bright” colours are used in many of the posters and red appears a lot as “it is the colour of communism and revolution,” she adds. During his tumultuous three decades in power, Mao elevated political sloganeering to an art form. A Ming dynasty village outside Beijing, revolutionary propaganda from the 60s on the ancient wall of a courtyard house . But the movement escalated and many older people and intellectuals were physically abused; many of them died. In this work, Lee argued that the Cultural Revolution began as a conflict between party elites, but expanded rapidly into a conflict between elites and the masses. Lin Biao’s speech to the Red Guards on August 18th 1966, “Our constitution allows people to have freedoms of speech and assembly. The four eventually went on trial in the most public bloodletting of any power struggle in modern China. Choisissez parmi des contenus premium China Cultural Revolution de la plus haute qualité. That’s bragging. Lee suggested that most of the Red Guards were from underprivileged sections of urban society. Height：60 cm Width：40 cm. Instead, it reflects Mr Jiang's background as an engineer. Origin: China. Save Comp. That’s basically how it works.” "Only if we emancipate our minds, seek truth from facts, proceed from reality in everything and integrate theory with practice, can we carry out our socialist modernisation programme smoothly," Deng said in a 1978 speech. First he quietly dropped references to "class struggle", the ubiquitous slogan printed in newspapers and hanging from banners for the previous 12 years. But crackdowns on free speech and repression in Tibet and Xinjiang have also been put into the same family of ideas. VideoInside the world's richest e-sports player's mansion. Dr Altehenger says it is a broad concept and presumes that there is an objective truth. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. In the beginning, classes were interrupted from time to time; the teachers began to get worried and did not know what to do. The Cultural Revolution (Timeline) Main dates of the Great Chaos that began on May 6, 1966, when the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution was launched, and ended on October 6, 1976, when the Gang of Four was arrested. "The party must always represent the requirements of the development of China's advanced productive forces, the orientation of the development of China's advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people in China," he said. Just as the earth 'revolves' around the sun every year, nations also undergo periodical moments of change. They weren’t considered human anymore. The whole idea of 'revolution' signifies change, rebirth and renewal. Weekly quiz: What's the Sex and the City reboot called? Zhou Enlai, August 1966, “Speaking out freely, airing views fully, holding great debates and writing big-character posters are a new form of carrying on socialist revolution created by the masses. The CCP’s May 16th circular, 1966, “Raise high the great red flag of Mao Zedong Thought, unite around the Party and Chairman Mao, and crush all kinds of constraints and subversive plots of revisionism… to carry the socialist revolution to the end. Condition: Good condition withno wood stand. Jiang Qing on her role in the Cultural Revolution, “Chairman Mao is very strict with me. Download preview. … The courtroom drama played out on TV, with particularly fiery exchanges involving Jiang Qing, who remained defiant even as her former allies denounced her. Propaganda posters at the time portrayed them as traitors. It is the favoured slogan of Xi Jinping, who took over as paramount leader in early 2013. The crucial slogan during the Great Leap Forward, a two-year campaign where Mao encouraged peasants to join together in collective farms. What he said to bite, I bit.” During the Cultural Revolution, the speech was widely read. Lihua, a victim of the Cultural Revolution, “It was at this time, the height of the Cultural Revolution, that Mao was sometimes in bed with three, four, even five women simultaneously.” A slogan used by Beijing Red Guards, 1966, “We firmly support your proletarian revolutionary spirit of daring to break through, to act, to make revolution and to rise up in rebellion… Overthrow those persons in power taking the capitalist road, overthrow the bourgeois reactionary authorities and all bourgeois loyalists.” In the frenetic campaign which ensued, the cult of Mao was elevated to a pitch surpassing even Stalin’s cult. Mao Slogans. If the way to judge the success of a slogan is its inclusion in China's constitution (see above), Hu Jintao must be waiting nervously. In other words, an effective way of communicating. An unnamed Red Guard during the Cultural Revolution, “We were told that we needed to use violence to destroy a class, spiritually and physically. Mao Zedong, 1967, “I won’t be happy till I die. Mao Zedong, 1958, “[The play] Hai Rui Dismissed from Office is not a fragrant flower but a poisonous weed… Its influence is great and its poison widespread. An unnamed Red Guard at the height of the Cultural Revolution “The purpose of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution is to destroy the old culture. It was eventually incorporated into the preamble of China's constitution: "Chinese people of all nationalities will continue to adhere to the people's democratic dictatorship and the socialist road, persevere in reform and opening to the outside world.". Mao Zedong, 1967, “Some people say that China loves peace. All levels of Party cadre must b especially aware of this point.” Mao mobilized students and young adults from throughout China to serve as “Red Guards,” or agents of the Revolution. If we do not clean it up, it will be harmful to the affairs of the people.” Inside the world's richest e-sports player's mansion. We are going to throw men and horses off their feet, make flowers wither so that they flow away with the water. "The Chinese government and Communist Party have a problem: these slogans no longer resonate with the broader public or the political class that is supposed to be absorbing them," says Tom Kellogg, a China expert at the Open Society Foundation in Washington. In a 2007 directive, and a 2011 campaign, the National Population and Family Planning Commission suggested softer alternatives to the more direct slogans. The concept of "Serving the People", together with other slogans such as "Never benefit oneself, always benefit others" and "Tireless struggle" became core principles of the Communist Party of China. A big character poster from 1966, “If the father is a hero, the son is a real man. It is true he made gross mistakes during the Cultural Revolution but his contribution to the Chinese Revolution far outweighs his mistakes.” The campaign, which formally ended in 1976, cost hundreds of thousands of lives. The symbols and slogans of the Cultural Revolution are certainly striking and memorable – they were designed to be so! Giant posters were hung criticising officials; students and lecturers openly denounced party policies. The phrase was deployed by Mao, possibly in the 1930s, so the new leadership could reuse it and claim legitimacy. Mao often plundered classical Chinese works and employed rhythmic phrases to get his message across. The Cultural Revolution caused a lot of problems in China. “Marxism comprises many principles, but in the final analysis they can all be brought back to a single sentence: it is right to rebel.” pixels inches cm. For example, massive projects to develop the western cities of Qinghai and Urumqi fall under its banner. Where it was the president who banned social media, The men vying to take Merkel's top job in Germany, BBC Worklife: The women running companies in 1870BC, Wikipedia at 20: The encyclopedia in five articles. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. The state should ensure to the masses the right to use these forms to create a political situation.” Materials: Silk. File Size. From 1958 to 1962, Mao launched an economic campaign through which he hoped to turn China away from an agrarian-based society and into a more modern, industrial one. The Cultural Revolution would thus give them a chance to experience revolution. An anti-rightist purge took hold and intellectuals were denounced, jailed or sent to work in the countryside. Mao Zedong was 70 per cent good and 30 per cent bad.” Mr Xi is likely to deploy many more technical slogans before deciding which to truly throw his weight behind. That was justification enough for torturing someone. Naturally he does not take my hands and make them do things the way he wishes others to do… We have lived together but he is the silent type. The delegates who have come from different fighting posts Be realistic, demand the impossible. Mao's policies combined with natural disasters contributed to the deaths of up to 30 million people. The use of slogans is solidly linked to patterns in everyday Chinese speech, where short rhythmic phrases are considered to be the clearest way of speaking. This was the education we received… the Cultural Revolution brought out the worst in people and the worst in the political system.” .css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:link{color:inherit;}.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:visited{color:#696969;}.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:link,.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:visited{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:link:hover,.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:visited:hover,.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:link:focus,.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:visited:focus{color:#B80000;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:link::after,.css-1hlxxic-PromoLink:visited::after{content:'';position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;z-index:2;}'Deep-thinking' Mao, Dutch government to quit over welfare fraud scandal. China'S Cultural Revolution Slogan On The Wall Of Tangshan Museu. "Dare to think, dare to speak, dare to act" was the exhortation used by Mao to encourage the peasants to follow his lead. Chairman Mao Badges: Symbols and Slogans of the Cultural Revolution (British Museum Research Publication) by Helen Wang (2008-06-23): Books - Amazon.ca Read about our approach to external linking. Pricing Help Me Choose. Deputies at China's parliament (NPC) first proposed for his harmonious society to be included in the constitution in 2005, but he is still waiting. They use the Chinese word for "river crab", which sounds like "harmony", as a way of criticising the government without falling foul of the censors. After Mao's death, a power struggle broke out at the highest levels of leadership. Cultural Revolution versus a society of robots. Instead, newspapers and posters were now filled with the "four modernisations", a pithy policy platform proposed in the 1960s but never enacted under Mao. Trouvez les China Cultural Revolution images et les photos d’actualités parfaites sur Getty Images. The Fourth National People’s Congress, January 1967, “In some high schools, students killed their principals and then cooked and ate the bodies to celebrate a triumph over ‘counter-revolutionaries’.” Since then, the interests of the party have reigned supreme over the other two supremes. You have my warmest and fullest support.” With a whiff of pragmatism, a slice of common sense and a frustrating vagueness, this is an established favourite of Communist leaders. cultural revolution of our country, analyses the situation at home and abroad and sets forth the fighting tasks hereafter for the whole Party, the whole army and the whole nation. .css-14iz86j-BoldText{font-weight:bold;}China is marking 120 years since the birth of former leader Mao Zedong. I do, for one.” We must take categorical action and discover the capitalist-class representatives, time bombs and landmines, and eliminate them… We must criticise them, expose them until they are driven out of the party.” The Mao cult involved a lot of sloganeering that served to bolster the myth surrounding the Chairman and to ascribe super-human qualities to him. Effects. The Cultural Revolution began to slow down in 1967, and ended in 1969. Mr Hu effectively shut down the discussion of legal reforms by appointing as Supreme Court president Wang Shengjun, an apparatchik with no legal training. For more info, visit Alpha History or our Terms of Use. This Chinese Revolution website is created and maintained by Alpha History. Deng Xiaoping, speaking in 1993. One can only wonder how far its American replication will go. As China's birth rate has steadily dropped, the one-child policy has been under constant scrutiny. Li Zhisui, Mao Zedong’s personal physician, “I was Chairman Mao’s dog. My scars will never heal.” Some believe millions died in violence related to the Cultural Revolution. All were jailed for life. We all took it for granted that the senior students wrote the posters and that the only thing we could do was admire them. "Xi Jinping has tried to change that with the Chinese dream. Although Mao's successors have shaken off many of his more extreme doctrines, they continue to deploy slogans at a dizzying rate. Jennifer Altehenger, of King's College in London, says in Western minds this is most closely associated with images of youths destroying temples. A bizarre example from a slew of phrases connected with the one-child policy. The most famous featured caricatures of their faces with a red cross through it, stating: "Decisively Throw Out the Wang-Zhang-Jiang-Yao Anti-Party Clique!". 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