Buda Castle was the last major stronghold of Budapest held by Axis forces during the siege of Budapest between 29 December 1944 and 13 February 1945. The Gothic Hall is one of the most important surviving examples of secular Gothic architecture in Central Europe. The Gothic Hall is an irregular rectangle of 20.2 × 11.55 m (66.3 × 37.9 ft), with a closed niche on the eastern side, which is the inside of the balcony tower. The most important rooms were (in due course): the salon, where guests were entertained; the great parlour; parlour; dining room; the Archduke's study; the Archduke's bedroom; the Archduchess' bedroom; the Archduchess' study; and the breakfast parlour. The southern fortifications, zwingers and rooms were buried under tons of rubbish and earth. In 1541 the Ottoman Turks captured Buda without resistance, and the Royal Church ceased to be a place of Christian worship. Ambitious urban planning projects were carried out to express the growing wealth and higher status of the Hungarian capital, with special attention being paid to the rebuilding of Buda Castle. The palace had a monumental red marble stairway in front of the façade. Both the King's Staircase and its northern twin, the Diplomat's Staircase, had ornate gates opening onto Lions Court, decorated with telamons. The main part of the palace and the Broken Tower were totally demolished, the hollows and moats were filled and a new flat terrace was established. It is divided into two naves with Gothic rib vaults. Johann Hölbling surveyed the still-existing structures. The catacombs are a large complex in the centre of Rabat. The northern room is covered by an east-west axial vault while the southern rooms have north-south axial vaults. The White Antechamber (Fehér előterem) is on the first floor of the Baroque wing and was situated south of the throne room. On 16 October 1944 a Nazi German commando unit, led by Otto Skorzeny, occupied the Royal Palace and forced the regent to abdicate. The chapel, finally reconstructed by 1963, was re-consecrated in 1990. Two pairs of lions guard the monumental gate leading into Lions Court. Contrary to the generally accepted principles of historic reconstruction, the medieval fortification system was rebuilt in its entirety. Buda Castle sits on the southern tip of Castle Hill, surrounded by the touristic area known as Várnegyed (Castle Quarter), which is famous for medieval, Baroque and Neoclassical houses, churches, public buildings, and monuments. The façades, some interior elements and the St. Sigismund Chapel are the works of Nicolò Pacassi, while the special double false domes were probably planned by Oraschek, formerly the master builder of Count Grassalkovich. A stone mantelpiece and large painting above it (depicting a hunting scene with a deer) gave a homey feeling to the room. His successor, Alajos Hauszmann, slightly modified the plans of the Krisztinaváros wing. The ceiling was stuccoed, while the walls were covered with carved wooden panelling and wallpaper. The upper church was destroyed in the 1686 siege of Buda, and the ruins were demolished in 1715. The palace was called Iç Kala ("Inner Castle") and Hisar Peçe ("Citadel") by the Turks. It followed the contour of Castle Hill with a break in the middle. In the 1970s, archeological research continued on the northern and western side of the palace, led by László Zolnay. The ceiling of the Habsburg Room was decorated with a fresco representing the apotheosis of the Habsburg Dynasty. Europe's centre around AD 1000, Volume 1, page 7, Council of Europe, Art Exhibition, Alfried Wieczorek, Hans-Martin Hinz, Theiss, 2000. Kleine Gruppengröße (max 20), hier buchen! The room gave access to Maria Theresa's private apartments from the ballroom. On 25 July 2007 Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány chose the King's Cellar as the place to announce the list of the "most important public works projects", financed by European Union funds between 2007 and 2013.[13]. Hillebrand altered the cour d'honneur façade of the central wing in Rococo style. The remains were buried under the outbuildings of the Royal Gardens, and Hauszmann protected the medieval pillar by building a brick shaft around it. It opened from the main staircase of the southern wing and was the first room of the ceremonial apartments on that side. The statue was a miniature copy of the original standing on the main square of Kolozsvár (now Cluj-Napoca). The vault of the lower church collapsed, and the interior was filled with rubbish. The three arcaded doorways on the longer side opened into a lobby. The Cisterna Regia was situated under the former northern zwinger of the palace. The chapel was again mentioned in the Chronicle of Lorenzo de Monacis, which was written around 1390. It was furnished with a mantelpiece in the corner and two chandeliers, the most spectacular item being the equestrian statue of King Matthias, sculpted by János Fadrusz. In the Baroque era it was called Ankleide-Zimmer Ihrer Majestät der Kaiserin ("Dressing Chamber of HM The Empress") and was part of Maria Theresa's private apartments. Today it houses the Gothic altar collection of the Hungarian National Gallery. It was one of the three historical rooms of the palace representing the important periods of Hungarian history. Sometime around 1730 the roof was repaired. On 25 July 2007 Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány chose the medieval King's Cellar in Buda Castle as the place to announce the list of the "most important public works projects", which was financed by European Union funds between 2007 and 2013.[13]. Under the angel of Peace is a returning soldier, while under the angel of War there is a dead Ottoman soldier and ancient Hungarian warriors. All the newly built side walls were plastered and painted white, while the original stone surfaces were left uncovered. [citation needed]. Saint Stephen's Room connected the new Private Royal Apartments and—through a very long passageway—the Old Royal Apartments in the Danube Wing. On the top floor was a large hall called the Roman Hall (70 × 20 m or 230 × 66 ft) with a carved wooden ceiling. However it was a strange place. The room was furnished with a crystal chandelier, a golden Rococo console table with a large mirror and a parlour suite. The Writing Room (Írószoba) was on the first floor of the Baroque wing, was formerly part of the private apartments of Francis I. 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